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Glossary
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LEAF ARRANGEMENTS
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bloom (on fruit)- a whitish,
powdery coating. bract - a leaf-like appendage, green or variously colored. broadleaf - having wide-bladed leaves (as opposed to needles). browse - twigs and leaves eaten by browsing animals such as deer and elk. canopy - the topmost layer formed by the leaves and branches of a forest's tallest plants. catkin - a spike of tiny, single-sex flowers which lack petals. cold stratification; cold-stratified - a treatment used on seeds to break seed dormancy. compound leaf - a leaf that is made up of several smaller leaflets. deciduous - plants with leaves that last only one growing season. dividing (plants); division - splitting a plant's root ball and crown to create two separate plants. dormant - not actively growing; plants are usually dormant during the winter. hardwood cuttings - stem cuttings taken when a plant is not actively growing. hot water treatment - a treatment used on seeds to break seed dormancy. layering - burying part of a living, attached branch in order to cause it to produce roots. live stakes; live-staking - long hardwood cuttings which can be planted without using rooting hormone . node - the place on a stem from which a leaf or branch grows. nodule - a small, rounded growth on some plant roots which contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria. nurse log - a fallen, rotting log upon which tree seedlings are growing. organic matter - any material derived from a living organism (such as peat moss, ground bark, compost, or manure) which can be dug into soil to improve fertility, moisture retention, and texture. palmate - radiating out like, or shaped like, the palm and fingers of the hand. perennial - a plant which lives for more than two years. pinnate - divided in the pattern of a feather. pithy - stems that are soft and spongy inside. pretreatment - a treatment used to break seed dormancy before planting. restoration - returning land to an original state or repairing damage done by human or natural disturbance. revegetation - replanting a cleared area with native plants. rhizome - a horizontal underground stem that can bear roots and shoots, and which usually persists from season to season. Although root-like in form, rhizomes are not roots. rhizome cutting - pieces of rhizome used to start new plants. riparian (area, zone) - the land adjacent to a stream, river or other waterbody, which is at least periodically influenced by flooding. root collar - the place on a stem or trunk where the roots begin, typically at ground level. root cutting - pieces of root used to start new plants. salvaging - the transplanting of whole plants from natural settings slated for destruction by activities such as land development and road widening. scale - any small, thin, flat structure on a bud, cone, catkin, or bark. scarification - a treatment used on seeds to break seed dormancy. snag - an upright, dead tree trunk. Snags often provide habitat for a broad range of wildlife. sucker - a young plant sprouting from the horizontal roots of a parent plant. taproot - the main root of a plant. vein - a strand of conducting tissue extending into the leaves, especially if plainly visible. watershed - the total land area from which a lake, stream, or other body of water collects its water. wetland - a transitional area between land and water which is typically saturated or inundated by surface or shallow groundwater for a significant part of the year, resulting in the formation of soils with distinctive characteristics and communities of plants adapted to life in wet growing conditions. Wetlands include marshes, swamps, and bogs. zooplankton - microscopic animals which often float in great numbers in fresh or salt water. |
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